О нестойкости двух симметричных гомоморфных криптосистем, основанных на системе остаточных классов

Одной из наиболее актуальных задач, связанных с защитой облачных вычислений, является анализ криптостойкости гомоморфных шифров. Данная статья посвящена изучению вопроса о защищенности двух недавно предложенных гомоморфных криптосистем, которые, в связи с их высокой вычислительной эффективностью, могут быть использованы для шифрования данных на облачных серверах. Обе криптосистемы основаны на системах остаточных классов, что позволяет рассмотреть их с единых позиций. Именно использование систем остаточных классов делает применение этих криптосистем в реальных приложениях заманчивым с точки зрения эффективности по сравнению с другими гомоморфными шифрами, так как появляется возможность легко распараллелить вычисления. Однако их криптостойкость не была в достаточной мере изучена в литературе и нуждается в анализе. Отметим, что ранее предшественниками была рассмотрена криптосистема похожая на один из шифров, криптостойкость которого исследуется. Была предложена идея адаптивной атаки по выбранным открытым текстам на эту конструкцию и дана оценка необходимого для раскрытия ключа количества пар >. Здесь проводится анализ этой атаки и показываем, что иногда она может работать некорректно. Также описывается более общий алгоритм атаки с известными открытыми текстами. Приводятся теоретические оценки вероятности успешного раскрытия секретного ключа с его помощью и практические оценки этой вероятности, полученные в ходе вычислительного эксперимента. Защищенность второй криптосистемы не была исследована ранее в литературе. Изучена её стойкость к атаке с известными открытыми текстами. Проанализирована зависимость необходимого для взлома количества пар > от параметров криптосистемы и даны рекомендации, которые могут помочь улучшить криптостойкость. Итог проведенного анализа заключается в том, что обе криптосистемы являются уязвимыми к атаке с известными открытыми текстами. Поэтому использовать их для шифрования конфиденциальных данных может быть небезопасно. Основным алгоритмом, используемым в предложенных атаках на криптосистемы, является алгоритм поиска наибольшего общего делителя. Как следствие, время, необходимое для реализации атак, является полиномиальным от размера входных данных

Differential cryptanalysis of new Qamal encryption algorithm

Currently, the Republic of Kazakhstan is developing a new standard for symmetric data encryption. One of the candidates for the role of the standard is the Qamal encryption algorithm developed by the Institute of Information and Computer Technologies (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan). The article describes the algorithm. Differential properties of the main operations that make up the Qamal cypher are considered in the questions of stability. We have shown that for a version with a 128-bit data block and the same secret key size for three rounds of encryption it is difficult to find the right pairs of texts with a probability of 2–120, which makes differential cryptanalysis not applicable to the Qamal cyphe

Genetic Polymorphisms Association in Restenosis of Coronary Arteries

BACKGROUND: There is a reason to believe that the polymorphism of genes encoding some enzymes and receptors plays a role in increasing of restenosis development risk. It is common knowledge that ethnicity affects the frequency of heterozygous genotypes occurrence. There is the evidence that polymorphism of the FGB gene (rs1800790) and THBD gene was determined in the ethnic group of Kazakhs with restenosis of the coronary arteries, which can be considered as genetic predictors of restenosis development. Today, the questions of the role of the genetic component in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) remain open. AIM: Evaluation of gene polymorphism in patients with restenosis of coronary arteries after stent installation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The group consisted of Kazakh population of the age category from 45 to 65 years of both sexes: Group I (50 persons) patients with a diagnosis of CHD, with a fixed stent and the development of restenosis during the year; Group 2 (58 persons) – with a fixed stent and no restenosis during the year. The association of genetic polymorphisms was evaluated in accordance with the case–control design based on the generalized linear model assuming a log-additive inheritance model. RESULTS: Thus, when comparing two groups using five patterns of inheritance, the following SNP were revealed: Codominant inheritance pattern – rs1045642 (p = 0.0427), dominant inheritance pattern – rs12041331 (p = 0.036088), rs13431554 (p = 0.025461), and rs1045642 (p = 0.012774), and overdominant inheritance pattern – rs12041331 (p = 0.051736), rs5918 (p = 0.057652), and rs13431554 (р = 0.036006). Thus, three SNPs associated with stenting were identified: rs7543130 (p = 0.009324), rs6785930 (p = 0.016858), and rs7819412 (p = 0.061325) and two SNPs associated with the development of restenosis after stent placement: rs1061781 (p = 0.063184) and rs342293 (p = 0.061636). CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms associated with the risk of developing restenosis after stenting were determined: Codominant inheritance pattern – one polymorphism (rs1045642, p = 0.0427); dominant inheritance pattern – three polymorphisms (rs12041331, p = 0.036088; rs13431554, p = 0.025461; rs1045642, p = 0.012774), and overdominant inheritance pattern – one polymorphism (rs13431554, p = 0.036006). Based on the hybrid machine learning approach (RuleFit), four rules were obtained for assessing the empirical risk of restenosis developing after stenting – from 20% to 40%

Dreptul Proprietatii Intelectuale

La finalizarea cu succes a modulului studentii vor fi capabili să: Inteleaga componentele de bază ale legii IP, relațiile dintre, legal și concepte, valori, principii și reguli în raport cu dreptul intelectual; Cunoasca și înțeleaga cadrului legal mai larg pentru dreptul de proprietate intelectuală din diferite țări; Inteleaga care este rolul proprietății industriale în promovarea produselor de succes pe piață; Obtina competențe în protecția juridică a mărcii, si sa cunoasca etapele de înregistrare; Dobandeasca cunoștințe teoretice de bază privind drepturi de autor, brevete și aplicare a semnăturii digitale într-un proces; Obtina competențe în: investigarea, analiza și comunicarea de informații juridice relevante

Exome Sequencing and Genetic Testing for MODY

Context: Genetic testing for monogenic diabetes is important for patient care. Given the extensive genetic and clinical heterogeneity of diabetes, exome sequencing might provide additional diagnostic potential when standard Sanger sequencing-based diagnostics is inconclusive. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the performance of exome sequencing for a molecular diagnosis of MODY in patients who have undergone conventional diagnostic sequencing of candidate genes with negative results. Research Design and Methods: We performed exome enrichment followed by high-throughput sequencing in nine patients with suspected MODY. They were Sanger sequencing-negative for mutations in the HNF1A, HNF4A, GCK, HNF1B and INS genes. We excluded common, non-coding and synonymous gene variants, and performed in-depth analysis on filtered sequence variants in a pre-defined set of 111 genes implicated in glucose metabolism. Results: On average, we obtained 45 X median coverage of the entire targeted exome and found 199 rare coding variants per individual. We identified 0–4 rare non-synonymous and nonsense variants per individual in our a priori list of 111 candidate genes. Three of the variants were considered pathogenic (in ABCC8, HNF4A and PPARG, respectively), thus exome sequencing led to a genetic diagnosis in at least three of the nine patients. Approximately 91% of known heterozygous SNPs in the target exomes were detected, but we also found low coverage in some key diabetes genes using our current exome sequencing approach. Novel variants in the genes ARAP1, GLIS3, MADD, NOTCH2 and WFS1 need further investigation to reveal their possible role in diabetes. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that exome sequencing can improve molecular diagnostics of MODY when used as a complement to Sanger sequencing. However, improvements will be needed, especially concerning coverage, before the full potential of exome sequencing can be realized

SECURITY ANALYSIS OF ONE SOLUTION FOR SECURE PRIVATE DATA STORAGE IN A CLOUD

The paper analyzes the security of one recently proposed secure cloud data base architecture. We present an attack on it binding the security of whole solution with the security of particular encryption schemes, used in it. We show this architecture is vulnerable and consequently the solution is unviable

Relationship between the Levels of lncRNA H19 in Plasma and Different Adipose Tissue Depots with Patients’ Response to Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery represents a widespread approach to treating morbid obesity. The search for biomarkers to identify patients to whom this type of treatment will be most effective is needed. Our aim was to characterize the relationship of levels of lncRNA H19 in plasma and different adipose tissue depots with patients’ response to bariatric surgery. The study includes control subjects, patients with obesity and patients with obesity accompanied by impaired carbohydrate metabolism (ICM). Quantitative analysis of lncRNA H19 levels has been performed using qPCR in plasma and subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Patients with obesity without ICM have higher levels of lncRNA H19 in VAT compared to SAT, and higher levels of lncRNA H19 in SAT compared to SAT of control individuals. One year after the intervention, levels of lncRNA H19 decreased in SAT of patients with obesity without ICM. The preoperative level of lncRNA H19 in VAT demonstrates a positive correlation with excess weight loss and a negative correlation with initial BMI. In conclusion, ICM affects expression of lncRNA H19 in SAT of patients with obesity. The preoperative level of lncRNA H19 in VAT can be used to predict excess weight loss in patients with obesity after bariatric surgery